Naked Eye Observations Before Instruments

Ancient civilizations observed the sky with great interest, using their naked eyes to track celestial bodies and understand their movements. They developed myths and cosmologies around these observations, which also served practical purposes like agriculture and navigation.

Early astronomers created various tools, like astrolabes and quadrants,

astrolabes

quadrants

To measure the positions of stars and planets. These instruments helped them create maps, predict celestial events, and even navigate by the stars.

Over time, these observations and instruments laid the foundation for modern astronomy, inspiring the development of observatories and more advanced technologies.

Research undertaken in association with UNESCO found that light pollution visible from space has reduced by 28% since the early 1990s, but sky glow is only part of the problem. Globally, between 1992 and 2009 there was a 39% increase in dimly lit areas and a 19% increase in brightly lit areas.

This shows that during ancient times astronomers around the world simply used naked-eye observations and performed calculations to understand the cosmos. The sky is not as how we see it the ancient times, the sky is clear without light pollution this is a reason why ancient people were too good at astronomy and documented astronomy as in ancient Vedic cosmology.

Understanding the cosmos is the key to understanding the functioning of the universe, knowing the beginning and how it expanded would lead to new discoveries and eventually lead to science on technological growth. Nature is the most extreme level of engineering and functioning in quantum physics. A photosynthesis of a plant uses quantum physics to perform vast levels of calculation, and the particle of the cosmos uses the same principle, knowing them and duplicating their functionality develops advanced technologies. When we understand the nature of cosmos functions will lead to new physics discoveries and new physics will make technological growth. Engineers and developers of technology refer to physics and physics refers to the functioning nature of the universe, this is the interplay of ordinary people's lack of notice and this is one of the main reasons I delve into this realm of physics. 

Physics has two categories which are: Theoretical and Experimental, the theoretical physics is Einstein's relativity where one only needs a paper - pen and an imaginative creative mind while experimental physics involves performing theory through experiments or proving the theory through experiments. 

Theoretical Physics focuses on developing mathematical models and theories to describe and predict physical phenomena. These physicists often work with abstract concepts and equations, using their imagination and creativity to explore new possibilities. Einstein's theory of relativity is a famous example.

Experimental physics, on the other hand, involves conducting experiments to test theories and gather data. These physicists design and perform experiments, often using specialized equipment and techniques, to verify or disprove theoretical predictions.

This means that theoretical physics has to perform Experiments as verification.

Let's take an example: Einstein's theory of relativity is a cornerstone of modern physics, but it's a theoretical construct. To verify its validity, scientists conducted numerous experiments over the years. A few notable examples:

1. Gravitational Lensing:

• Prediction: Einstein predicted that massive objects would bend the path of light due to their strong gravitational field.
• Experiment: Astronomers have observed this phenomenon, known as gravitational lensing, in many instances. For example, the light from distant galaxies can be distorted by intervening galaxies or clusters of galaxies, creating multiple images of the same object.

2. Time Dilation and Length Contraction:

• Prediction: Relativity predicts that time slows down and objects contract in length when moving at very high speeds relative to an observer.
• Experiment: Particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerate particles to near-light speeds. Scientists have measured the lifetimes of these particles and found that they are indeed longer than expected, confirming time dilation.

3. Global Positioning System (GPS):

• Prediction: GPS satellites orbit the Earth at high speeds and experience a different gravitational environment than on Earth. These effects would cause significant errors in GPS measurements if not accounted for.
• Experiment: GPS systems incorporate relativistic corrections to ensure accurate positioning. The fact that GPS works so precisely is a testament to the accuracy of Einstein's theory.

4. Gravitational Waves:

• Prediction: Einstein's theory predicted the existence of gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of spacetime caused by massive accelerating objects.
• Experiment: In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected gravitational waves from a black hole merger, providing the first direct evidence of their existence.

These experiments, and many others, have consistently supported Einstein's theory of relativity, solidifying its place as a fundamental pillar of modern physics.

In ancient times, with limited technological instruments, people often relied on mythology to explain the world around them. Today, religions worldwide often emphasize human welfare and the sharing of knowledge.

While belief in God can have positive impacts, even atheists can contribute positively to society. Science aims to understand the world through empirical observation and experimentation. It has provided solutions in medicine, technology, and other areas.

While life could be also good without technological advancements but modern medicine helps us understand and treat diseases more effectively, thanks to advancements in fields like biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacology. 

Science and religion can coexist. Historical conflicts between them were often due to political or cultural factors. Education can promote understanding and break down barriers between different groups. Physics, as a universal language, can transcend cultural and religious differences. It is a quantitative and experimental discipline that seeks to understand the fundamental laws of the universe.